Design and Performance Analysis of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System For Aquaculture Ponds In Bori Appakah

Abstract

The demand for electrical energy in aquaculture, particularly in Pangkep Regency, continues to increase due to the need for nighttime illumination to ensure security and maintain fish activity. However, the geographical location of fish ponds, which are often situated far from the state electricity grid (PLN), creates a significant energy supply challenge. This study aims to design, construct, and analyze the performance of a standalone (off-grid) Photovoltaic (PV) system to supply electrical energy to a 4000 m² fish pond located in Bori Appakah Village. The research methodology includes site assessment, mathematical sizing of system components, system assembly, PVsyst 7.4.8 simulation, and empirical field testing conducted over three days. The total daily energy demand was calculated to be 1,560 Wh/day. The designed system integrates a 400 Wp monocrystalline PV module, a 12 V 300 Ah lead-acid battery bank, a 45 A MPPT solar charge controller, and a 1000 W pure sine wave inverter. Simulation results showed a Performance Ratio (PR) of 66.71% and a Solar Fraction of 93.56%, with an estimated annual energy yield of 554.44 kWh. Field measurements demonstrated that the system was capable of stably supplying power to 13 LED lighting points for 12 hours, with the PV module producing a peak output power of 150 W under fluctuating solar irradiance conditions. The study concludes that the proposed PLTS system is technically feasible and provides a reliable alternative energy solution for remote aquaculture operations.